India at a
Glance
Introduction
The civilization of India is one of the oldest civilizations
in the World, spanning more than 4000 years and witnessing the rise and fall of
several Empires, and projecting a unique assimilation of various cultures and
heritage. The Country has always been portrayed as a land of spiritual
integrity with professors of Philosophy, who have engineered the magnanimity of
its nationalism. One of the oldest scriptures in the World, the
four-volume Vedas that many regard as the repository of national thoughts, which
have anticipated some of the modern scientific discoveries, has been created
in the orb of this myth oriented Country. This strong affinity with
religion and mythology has been reflected time and again through various art
forms and performing arts, which are symbolical of the composite culture of
India. Unity in diversity is another facet of the Country’s inherent
nationalism, which had been fused by the feeling of national fervour incited by
various foreign invasions that ever made its way to the Indian shores.
Religious tolerance and cultural amalgamation have given shape to a uniquely
secular Nation, which has created an impressive status of itself in the global
arena.
Country
Name
Republic of India; Bharat Ganrajya
Government
Type
Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary
system of Government.
Capital
New Delhi
Administrative
Divisions
28 States and 7 Union Territories.
Independence
15th August 1947 (From the British Colonial Rule)
Constitution
The Constitution of India came into force on 26th January
1950.
Executive
Branch
The President of India is the Head of the State, while the
Prime Minister is the Head of the Government, and runs office with the support
of the Council of Ministers who form the Cabinet Ministry.
Legislative
Branch
The Indian Legislature comprises of the Lok Sabha (House of
the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) forming both the Houses of
the Parliament.
Legal
System
The Constitution of India is the fountain source of the
legal system in the Country.
Judicial
Branch
The Supreme Court of India is the apex body of the Indian
legal system, followed by other High Courts and subordinate Courts.
Flag
Description
The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron
(kesaria) at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom in
equal proportion. At the centre of the white band is a navy blue wheel, which
is a representation of the Ashoka Chakra at Sarnath.
Location
The Indian peninsula is separated from mainland Asia by the
Himalayas. The Country is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the
Arabian Sea in the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south.
Geographic
Coordinates
Lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, the Country
extends between 8° 4′ and 37° 6′ latitudes north of the Equator, and 68°7′ and
97°25′ longitudes east of it.
Bordering
Countries
Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west; China, Bhutan
and Nepal to the north; Myanmar to the east; and Bangladesh to the east of West
Bengal. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea, formed by
Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
Indian
Standard Time
GMT + 05:30
Area
3.3 Million sq km
Climate
The climate of India can broadly be classified as
a tropical monsoon one. But, in spite of much of the northern part of India
lying beyond the tropical zone, the entire country has a tropical climate
marked by relatively high temperatures and dry winters. There are four
seasons – winter (December-February), (ii) summer (March-June), (iii)
south-west monsoon season (June-September), and (iv) post monsoon season
(October- November).
Coastline
7,516.6 km encompassing the mainland, Lakshadweep
Islands, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Terrain
The mainland comprises of four regions, namely the great
mountain zone, plains of the Ganga and the Indus, the desert region,
and the southern peninsula.
Environment
– Current Issues
Air pollution control, energy conservation, solid waste
management, oil and gas conservation, forest conservation, etc.
Natural
Resources
Coal, iron ore, manganese ore, mica, bauxite, petroleum,
titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, magnesite, limestone, arable land,
dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite, fluorite,
etc.
Population
Current Population of India in 2011
|
1,210,193,422 (1.21 billion)
|
Total Male Population in India
|
623,700,000 (623.7 million)
|
Total Female Population in India
|
586,500,000 (586.5 million)
|
Sex Ratio
|
940 females per 1,000 males
|
Age structure
|
|
0 to 25 years
|
50% of India’s current population
|
Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.
|
|
India’s Population in 2001
|
1.02 billion
|
Population of India in 1947
|
350 million
|
Current Population of India 2011
|
||||
Rank
|
State or union territory
|
Population (2011 Census)
|
Density (per km²)
|
Sex ratio
|
01
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
199,581,477
|
828
|
908
|
02
|
Maharashtra
|
112,372,972
|
365
|
946
|
03
|
Bihar
|
103,804,637
|
1102
|
916
|
04
|
West Bengal
|
91,347,736
|
1029
|
947
|
05
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
84,665,533
|
308
|
992
|
06
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
72,597,565
|
236
|
930
|
07
|
Tamil Nadu
|
72,138,958
|
555
|
995
|
08
|
Rajasthan
|
68,621,012
|
201
|
926
|
09
|
Karnataka
|
61,130,704
|
319
|
968
|
10
|
Gujarat
|
60,383,628
|
308
|
918
|
11
|
Odisha
|
41,947,358
|
269
|
978
|
12
|
Kerala
|
33,387,677
|
859
|
1,084
|
13
|
Jharkhand
|
32,966,238
|
414
|
947
|
14
|
Assam
|
31,169,272
|
397
|
954
|
15
|
Punjab
|
27,704,236
|
550
|
893
|
16
|
Haryana
|
25,353,081
|
573
|
877
|
17
|
Chhattisgarh
|
25,540,196
|
189
|
991
|
18
|
Jammu and Kashmir
|
12,548,926
|
56
|
883
|
19
|
Uttarakhand
|
10,116,752
|
189
|
963
|
20
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
6,856,509
|
123
|
974
|
21
|
Tripura
|
3,671,032
|
350
|
961
|
22
|
Meghalaya
|
2,964,007
|
132
|
986
|
23
|
Manipur
|
2,721,756
|
122
|
987
|
24
|
Nagaland
|
1,980,602
|
119
|
931
|
25
|
Goa
|
1,457,723
|
394
|
968
|
26
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
1,382,611
|
17
|
920
|
27
|
Mizoram
|
1,091,014
|
52
|
975
|
28
|
Sikkim
|
607,688
|
86
|
889
|
UT1
|
Delhi
|
16,753,235
|
9,340
|
866
|
UT2
|
Puducherry
|
1,244,464
|
2,598
|
1,038
|
UT3
|
Chandigarh
|
1,054,686
|
9,252
|
818
|
UT4
|
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|
379,944
|
46
|
878
|
UT5
|
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
|
342,853
|
698
|
775
|
UT6
|
Daman and Diu
|
242,911
|
2,169
|
618
|
UT7
|
Lakshadweep
|
64,429
|
2,013
|
946
|
Total
|
India
|
1,210,193,422
|
382
|
940
|
Population
1,189,172,906 (July 2011 est.)
Age
structure
0-14 years: 29.7% (male 187,450,635/female 165,415,758)
15-64 years: 64.9% (male 398,757,331/female 372,719,379)
65 years and over: 5.5% (male 30,831,190/female 33,998,613) (2011 est.)
15-64 years: 64.9% (male 398,757,331/female 372,719,379)
65 years and over: 5.5% (male 30,831,190/female 33,998,613) (2011 est.)
Median
age
total: 26.2 years
male: 25.6 years
female: 26.9 years (2011 est.)
male: 25.6 years
female: 26.9 years (2011 est.)
Population growth rate
1.344% (2011 est.)
Birth
rate
20.97 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death
rate
7.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 30% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Sex
ratio
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Infant
mortality rate
total: 47.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 46.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
male: 46.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Life
expectancy at birth
total population: 66.8 years
male: 65.77 years
female: 67.95 years (2011 est.)
male: 65.77 years
female: 67.95 years (2011 est.)
Total
fertility rate
2.62 children born/woman (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS
– adult prevalence rate
0.3% (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS
2.4 million (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS – deaths
170,000 (2009 est.)
Major
infectious diseases
Degree of risk: high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
Animal contact disease: rabies
Water contact disease: leptospirosis
Note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
Animal contact disease: rabies
Water contact disease: leptospirosis
Note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Ethnic
groups
Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Religions
Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other
1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)
Languages
Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil
5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya
3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%
Note: English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu,Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2001 census)
Note: English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu,Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2001 census)
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 61%
Male: 73.4%
Female: 47.8% (2001 census)
Total population: 61%
Male: 73.4%
Female: 47.8% (2001 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Total: 10 years
Male: 11 years
Female: 10 years (2007)
Male: 11 years
Female: 10 years (2007)
Education
expenditures
3.1% of GDP (2006)
National
Days
26th January (Republic Day)
15th August (Independence Day)
2nd October (Gandhi Jayanti; Mahatma Gandhi’s Birthday)
15th August (Independence Day)
2nd October (Gandhi Jayanti; Mahatma Gandhi’s Birthday)
No comments:
Post a Comment